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hide categories| 'elif' statement | if the prior 'if' is False and this test is True, enter the block |
| 'else' statement | if all prior if/elif tests in this chain are False, enter the block |
| 'if' statement | if test is True, enter the block |
| 'in' membership test with strings | determine whether a substring is in another string |
| 'not' test inverter | negates a test to be False (if test is True) and True (if test is False) |
| 'while' statement | execute block repeatedly until test is False (or 'break' is encountered) |
| break | exit a looping block and continue execution below it |
| continue | jump loop execution to the top of a looping block |
| f'' (format) string | insert values into a string template |
| str.count() | return int number of occurrences of a substring in this string |
| str.endswith() | return True if this string ends with a substring |
| str.find() | return int index of substring within this string |
| str.isdigit() | return True if this string is all digit characters |
| str.lower() | return a copy of this string, lowercased |
| str.replace() | return a string after search and replace |
| str.startswith() | return True if this string ends with a substring |
| str.upper() | return a copy of this string, uppercased |